Data Analysis
Table 1: Test Observations and Results with Known Anions
| Procedure | Anion | Actions | Observations | Proposed Equations |
| 1. Ba(NO3)2 test | (PO4)3- | Added Ba(NO3)2 | precipitate | 3Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + 2PO4 (aq) -> (Ba3)(PO4)2 (s) + 6NO3 (aq) |
| 1. Ba(NO3)2 test | (PO4)3- | Added HNO3 | precipitate dissolved | 2HNO3 (aq) + (Ba3)(PO4)2 (s) -> H2PO4 (aq) + Ba(NO3)2 (aq) |
| 1. Ba(NO3)2 test | (SO4)2- | Added Ba(NO3)2 | precipitate | Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + SO4 -> BaSO4 (s) + 2NO3 (aq) |
| 1. Ba(NO3)2 test | (SO4)2- | Added HNO3 | precipitate did not dissolve | HNO3 (aq) + BaSO4 (s) -> Ba(NO3)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) |
| 1. Ba(NO3)2 test | Cl- | Added Ba(NO3)2 | no precipitate | Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + Cl (aq) -> BaCl (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) |
| 1. Ba(NO3) test | (NO3)- | Added Ba(NO3)2 | no precipitate |
Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + NO3 (aq) -> Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + NO3 (aq) |
| 2. AgNO3 test | PO4 | Added AgNO3 | no precipitate |
3AgNO3 (aq) + PO4 (aq) -> Ag3PO4 (aq) + 3NO3 (aq) |
| 2. AgNO3 test | SO4 | Added AgNO3 | no precipitate |
2AgNO3 (aq) + SO4 (aq) -> Ag2SO4 (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) |
| 2. AgNO3 test | Cl | Added AgNO3 | precipitate |
AgNO3 (aq) + Cl (aq) -> AgCl (s) + NO3 |
| 2. AgNO3 test | Cl | Added NH3 | precipitate dissolved | AgCl (s) + 2NH3 (aq) -> Ag(NH3)2 (aq) + Cl (aq) |
| 2. AgNO3 test | NO3 | Added AgNO3 | no precipitate | AgNO3 (aq) + NO3 (aq) -> AgNO3 (aq) + NO3 (aq) |
| 3. Brown ring test NO3 | NO3 | Added H2SO4 | very faint brown line | H2SO4 (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) -> 2HNO3 (aq) + SO4 (aq) |
Table 2: Analysis of Unknown Solution
| Step | Action | Observations | Anion Present |
| 1 | Added Ba(NO3)2 | no precipitate in unknown | Cl-, (NO3)- |
| 2 | Added HNO3 | no precipitate | Cl-, (NO3)- |
| 3 | Added AgNO3 | precipitate formed | Cl- |
| 4 | Added H2SO4 | no brown ring | Cl-, no (NO3)- |
Conclusion
The purpose of this lab was to identify the anions present in the mixture of solution. This was done by using qualitative analysis where different reagents are added to the unknown to determine what the unknown is. When it the result of different reactions are known, this is how the unknown can be determined. The results from this experiment stated that the chloride anion was present in the solution which was accurate. To improve this lab, the experimenters need to make sure that no contamination of chemicals occurs during the procedure. The contamination of chemicals could alter a reaction significantly which could make a precipitate when there should not be one or not have one when there should be. This happened once where there was not a precipitate when we should have had one. When it tested again, a precipitate was formed.