DRAFT: This module has unpublished changes.
Introduction:
The goal of this experiment is to demonstrate the concepts behind Boyle's Law, and Guy-Lussac's Law, via a pair of experiments. In the first, one demonstrates the concept of volume and pressure being inversely proportional, by using a modified syringe, and adjusting without letting any air in or out.
In the second, one can demonstrate the concept of pressure and temperature being proportional, by measuring the increase in pressure of a sealed container, while it is being heated. In this way, both properties are demonstrated in a manner in keeping with the laws that the experiments showcase.
Equipment:
- Data Collection System
- Absolute Pressure Sensor
- Sensor Extension Cable
- Stainless Steel Temperature Sensor
- Ring Stand
- Clamp, Utility
- Beaker, 1500-mL
- Cylindrical Metal Container (replaces Erlenmeyer Flask, 250-mL)
- Modified Syringe, 60-mL
- Automatic Titrator
- Hot Plate/Magnetic Stirrer/Stand
- Stir Bar
- Rubber Stopper, 2-hole
- Water, 1200 mL
Method:
Part 1: Boyle's Law
- Gathered all equipment and materials. Inspected all equipment for damage or contamination. Hotplate/Magnetic Plate/Stand was already assembled.
- Set up data collection system. Assembled GLX, and attached all sensors.
- Set up automatic titrator, and attached modified syringe. Connected to GLX.
- Adjusted syringe, so that it would contain 60 mL of air. Configured GLX to measure pressure in Pascals. Measured atmospheric pressure within syringe.
- Began compressing the syringe, using the automatic titrator, so as to ensure a steady reading.
- Prepared graph, ending experiment once syringe was compressed to its minimum size.
- Saved data, and returned all data to its point of origin, save for the GLX, the pressure sensor, and the tubing used.
Part 2: Guy-Lussac's Law
- Gathered all equipment and materials. Inspected all equipment for damage or contamination.
- Started a new experiment on the data collection system.
- Assembled the 2-hole rubber stopper, inserting the pressure sensor's tube, and fitting the stopper into the end of the cylindrical metal container and inserting the stainless steel temperature sensor into the free hole.
- Filled the 1500-mL with 1125 ml of water, before placing the filled container on the Hot Plate/Magnetic Stirrer/Stand, and inserting the stir bar.
- Mounted the cylindrical metal container with sensors into the beaker, ensuring that it is covered with as much water as possible, without adding more.
- Attached the sensors to the GLX, activated the magnetic stirrer, and began recording data.
- Turned on the hot plate, monitoring the temperature until the water bath reached 80º C.
Data Analysis:
The top left and right graphs depict the relationship between pressure and volume, and pressure and inverse volume, respectively, as shown by the experiment demonstrating Boyle's law.The bottom left graph depicts the relationship between temperature and pressure.
Conclusion:
The goal of this experiment is to demonstrate the concepts behind Boyle's Law, and Guy-Lussac's Law, via a pair of experiments. In the first, one demonstrates the concept of volume and pressure being inversely proportional, by using a modified syringe, and adjusting without letting any air in or out.
In the second, one can demonstrate the concept of pressure and temperature being proportional, by measuring the increase in pressure of a sealed container, while it is being heated. In this way, both properties are demonstrated in a manner in keeping with the laws that the experiments showcase.
The top left and right graphs depict the relationship between pressure and volume, and pressure and inverse volume, respectively, as shown by the experiment demonstrating Boyle's law.
The bottom left graph depicts the relationship between temperature and pressure.
(Calculation of error not possible, due to lack of an accepted value.)
Possible sources of error include:
- Failure to properly seal the syringe or the cylindrical metal container, thus allowing air to escape.
- Failure to properly attach to the pressure sensor's tubing, also introducing the possibility of leaks.
- Any defects with the GLX system or its sensors. Improper setup could also cause error.
- Human error is always in effect, given that the laboratory does not function under ideal conditions. As such, there is always the possibility of inaccuracies with measurement, perception of measurement, inaccuracies of equipment, and other such errors. (However, this is not likely to be the sole cause of the inaccuracies within this experiment, though it may contribute to it.)
Possible improvements that one could make to the experiment include using more accurate sensors, using containers that are less likely to leak, ensuring that I and my lab partners read the experiment beforehand (increasing familiarity with the procedure, and minimizing human error), and repeating the experiment multiple times (to minimize the impact of an anomalous result).
DRAFT: This module has unpublished changes.
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